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OPPORTUNITIES FOR 

GRADUATE STUDY IN THE 

BRITISH ISLES 




B5} 

GEORGE EDWIN MACLEAN 

Director of the British Division of 
The American University Union in Europe 



Issued by 

THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION 

NEW YORK. 1920 



The Institute of International Education 

419 West 117th Street. New York 
Stephen P. Duggan. Ph.D. 



Telephone: Morningsidc 7419 



Cable Address: "Intered" 



ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD 



Herman V. Ames 
L. H. Baekeland 
William Lowe Bryan 
Nicholas Murray Butler 
Charles Hopkins Clark 
Stephen Pierce Duggan 
Dr. Walter B. James 
Alice Duer Miller 



Paul Monroe 
John Bassett Moore 
Henry Morgenthau 
Dwight W. Morrow 
E. H. Outerbridge 
Henry S. Pritchett 
William H. Schofield 
Mary E. WooUey 



BUREAU DIVISIONS 



Europe 
Far East 
Latin America 
Women's Colleges 
International Relations Clubs 



Stephen P. Duggan 
Paul Monroe 
Peter H, Goldsmith 
Virginia Newcomb 
Margaret C. Alexander 



Opportunities for Graduate Study 
in the British Isles 



By 

GEORGE EDWIN MACLEAN 

Director of the British Division of 
The American University Union in Europe 




NEW YORK 
1920 



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CONTENTS ^P^i 



PAGE 

1. Prefatory Note 3 

2. List of Pamphlets issued by the Universities 4 

3. Advantages of the British Institutions 5 

4. Advanced Degrees open to Americans — The Ph. D 5 

5. Opportunities for Women 7 

6. The Eighteen Universities in the Islands 9 

7. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge 10 

8. The University of London 13 

University College 14 

King's College 14 

Imperial College of Science and Technology 15 

The London School of Economics 16 

East London College 16 

The Brown Animal Sanatory Institution 17 

The Physiological Laboratory 17 

Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine 17 

The School of Oriental Studies 17 

Hospitals and Medical Schools 18 

Theological Colleges 19 

London Day Training College for Teachers 19 

Colleges of Music 19 

Law 19 

9. Inns of Court and Law Society 20 

10. Provincial or Civic Universities 21 

The University of Birmingham 21 

The University of Bristol 22 

The University of Durham 22 

The University of Leeds 22 

The University of Liverpool 23 

The University of Manchester 24 

The University of Sheffield 26 

11. The Scotch Universities 27 

The University of Aberdeen 28 

The University of Edinburgh 28 

The University of Glasgow 29 

The University of St. Andrew's 30 

12. The University of Wales 31 

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth 31 

University College of North Wales, Bangor 31 

University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, 
Cardiff 32 

13. The Irish Universities — Trinity College, Dublin 33 

Royal College of Science for Ireland, Dublin 34 

National Uni-^rsity of Ireland 34 

University College, Cork 35 

University College, Galway 35 

University College, Dublin 35 

The Queen's University of Belfast 35 

14. The Academic Year and Terms 36 

15. Graduate Studentships, Scholarships or Fellowships 36 

16. Summary of Expenses 38 

17. Addresses of University Correspondents 39 

2 



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OKC 7 132'5 



1. PREFATORY NOTE 

The American student will find a cordial welcome at the 
British universities. Their good will toward Americans has 
already been proved by their reception of 2,000 American stu- 
dent soldiers in the spring of 1919, when the universities were 
still suffering from the effects of the War. Those soldiers will 
testify to the welcome they received and to the advantages of 
these institutions. 

The present goodwill of the universities for Americans is 
proved by the establishment of the Ph.D. degree and their will- 
ingness to accommodate some American students next autumn, 
overcrowded as they are by the accumulation of several college 
generations of British students whose career was interrupted by 
the War. 

A number of Colleges with waiting lists have signified to the 
London office of the American University Union that they would 
reserve a few places for Americans. In reply to enquiries this 
office has been advised as to where and in what subjects research 
students can be accepted. 

It is already too late in many cases to comply with the require- 
ments as to the dates for filing applications for admission in 
the autumn of 1920. Intending students should, therefore, com- 
municate at once with the institutions or with this office, or with 
both. (For addresses of the institutions, see Section 17.) 

The intending student may obtain advice from the office of 
the Secretary of the Union, Professor J. W. Cunliffe, School of 
Journalism, Columbia University, New York City, or from Pro- 
fessor S. P. Duggan, Director of the Institute of International 
Education, 419 West 117th Street, New York City. 

Upon his arrival in Great Britain, he may register at the 
office of the British Division of the Union, 50 Russell Square, 
London, W. C. i, and receive advice and introductions. 

This Bulletin is to be succeeded by another containing fuller 
details, especially as to the authorities in, and the subjects of, 
advanced study. 

April, 1920. 



2. LIST OF PAMPHLETS ISSUED BY THE 
UNIVERSITIES 

The following pamphlets or leaflets already have been issued 
by the universities and may be had, post free, on application to 
the American University Union, 50 Russell Square, London, 
W. C. I, or upon application to the officers of the universities. 
(See addresses, page 39.) 

Institution Title of Pamphlet 

University of Wales, Bangor. . Facilities for Research 

Birmingham Regulations for the Ph.D. Degree 

Bristol Facilities for Advanced Study and 

Research 

Cambridge Facilities for Study and Research 

Dublin, Trinity College Facilities for Research and for Ad- 
vanced Study 

Durham Regulations for Advanced Students 

Edinburgh Facilities for Advanced Study and 

Research 

Glasgow (1) Handbook (Compiled for use of 

Overseas and Graduate Students) 

(2) Women's Department. General 

Information for Overseas Students 

Liverpool Doctorate in Philosophy 

Leeds Facilities for Advanced Study and 

Research 

University of London (1) Information for Research and 

Post-graduate students, especially 
for those from Overseas Univer- 
sities. 

(2) Regulations for the Degree of 
Ph.D., etc. 

(3) School of History 
University College (1) Post-Graduate Courses and Ar- 
rangements for Research. 

(2) Evening and Post-Graduate 
School of History 

Manchester Prospectus of University Courses in 

the Municipal College of Tech- 
nology 

Oxford I'acilities for Advanced Study and 

Research 

St. Andrew's Institution of a Degree of Doctor of 

Philosophy and Relative Regula- 
tions 

4 



3. ADVANTAGES OF THE BRITISH 
INSTITUTIONS 

The unequalled wealth of facilities for study and research for 
the American student in the British institutions should appeal 
to every graduate who desires to go on with advanced or re- 
search studies. 

The English-speaking student will have no language impedi- 
ment in concentrating upon the subject matter of study. He 
will have access to the storehouses of the ages in the museums, 
collections and libraries. He will enter the atmosphere of the 
highest university traditions. He can visit the historic and 
literary shrines and study the origins of American institutions. 
Upon enquiry he will meet the greatest living authorities in 
their respective branches of instruction in Classics and Liberal 
Arts. In Pure Science he will meet the disciples of the historic 
names known to him in his readings. In Applied Science and 
Engineering he will discover equipment for instruction in the 
laboratories and shops brought up to date by the war. 

The general knowledge of British life and social acquaintance 
the wise student may gather will be inestimable in the new era 
of the League of Nations with the English-speaking peoples 
necessarily in the leadership. 

4. ADVANCED DEGREES OPEN TO AMERICANS 

All the Universities have made special arrangements to admit 
without examination graduates of approved universities as ad- 
vanced or research students to whom they offer degrees with 
honors and higher degrees. 

THE NEWLY ESTABLISHED PH.D. DEGREE 

Recently, with Americans especially in mind, all the *eighteen 
universities have established the Ph.D. degree. 

The main conditions, with slight variations in different insti- 
tutions for the Ph.D. degree, are as follows: The candidate 
must be a graduate of an approved university or college or give 

*In Cambridge and the University of Wales legislation is expected to be 
completed before Autumn, 1920. 

5 



evidence that he has pursued satisfactorily a course of study at 
his institution extending over at least four (in Scotland, three) 
years. He must satisfy the proper authority of his fitness to 
engage in special study or research. He shall be not less than 
21 (at Oxford, 22) years of age at the time of his admission. 
He must submit with his application a statement of the subject 
and nature of his proposed course of study. He shall prosecute 
his studies in the university to which he is admitted (or partly 
in this university and partly elsewhere) for three academic 
years, or, in some cases, for two years. At the close of the 
period he shall present a dissertation embodying the results of 
his work, and a written or oral examination may also be re- 
quired. 

The student's work must constitute an original contribution 
to knowledge, set forth in such a manner as to be fit for publi- 
cation. 

The degree may be granted in any faculty, i. e., in Arts or 
Science or Engineering or Divinity or Law or Medicine. The 
principal other advanced degrees (besides Ph.D.) open in one 
or more of the institutions are those of Bachelor of Letters or 
of Science, Bachelor of Civil Law, Bachelor of Divinity, Bach- 
elor of Education, Master of Arts or of Science or of Education 
or of Commerce or of Laws or of Engineering or of Technical 
Science or of Metallurgy, Doctor of Letters, of Science or of 
Metallurgy or of Divinity or of Medicine. Diplomas or certifi- 
cates may be obtained by specialization in numerous subjects, 
e. g., Geography. 

In the Royal College of Science, London, post-graduate 
courses lead to D. L C. (Diploma of Membership of the Imperial 
College) comparable in standard to the Ph.D. degree. 



5. OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN 

Another step, which will be welcome to Americans, is the 
admission of women to degrees at all the Universities.* 

Opportunities for women, equal to those for men, in instruc- 
tions as well as for degrees, are open everywhere, with the 
addition of special provision for their residence and advice. 
There are a few exceptions in which there are institutions for 
women only, e. g., in Medicine, or in one or two places where 
degrees in Engineering and Divinity are not open to women. 

At Oxford the four residential, self-governing Colleges for 
women are: Somerville College (Undenominational) Lady 
Margaret Hall and St. Hilda's Hall (Church of England, with 
liberty for members of other denominations) ; St. Hugh's Col- 
lege (Church of England. Students of other denominations 
who do not object to attend prayers in Chapel are accepted). 
All students are expected to read for Honors or Research De- 
grees or Diplomas. These Colleges are so full one must put 
one's name on a waiting list. 

The Society of Oxford Home-Students offers special facilities 
to women who wish to study at the University for research or 
for a period of less than two years, or without reference to an 
Oxford examination and who do not wish to live in a women's 
college. They reside in homes or approved lodgings, or if 
Roman Catholics, in the Convent and Hostel (for secular 
Roman Catholic students) of the Roman Catholic Community 
of the Holy Child Jesus. Home students have the same priv- 
ileges as other women University students. 

At Cambridge the two Colleges for women are Girton and 
Newnham, both undenominational and with waiting lists. 

At Newnham, bona fide women students over 30 years of age 
may be admitted as "out students" and reside at less cost in 
approved lodgings. 

At Trinity College, Dublin, Trinity Hall is a residence for 
women students, and they may reside elsewhere. 

*This is true of sixteen of the universities and at Oxford and Cambridge 
favorable legislation is expected this season. 

7 



At Durham there is a women's hostel and also arrangements 
for home students. 

In the University of London there are the following Resi- 
dential Colleges for women, all with waiting lisits: Bedford 
College; King's College for Women (Household and Social 
Science Department); Royal HoUoway College; Westfield Col- 
lege; London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for 
Women. There are hostels for women at University College 
and at East London College. 

Among the other non-residential Universities Glasgow has 
"Queen Margaret College," its Department for Women. 

With the exception of Aberdeen, all the other institutions 
have halls of residence or hostels for women and lists of ap- 
proved lodgings. 



6. THE EIGHTEEN UNIVERSITIES IN THE 
ISLANDS 

There are eighteen universities in the Islands, ten in England, 
one in Wales (with three separate colleges), and three in 
Ireland. 

In England, beside the ancient universities of Oxford and 
Cambridge, there are the new or civic universities of Birming- 
ham, Bristol, Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, 
and Sheffield. 

The four ancient and only universities in Scotland are Aber- 
deen, Edinburgh, Glasgow and St. Andrew's. 

The three universities in Ireland are the ancient University 
of Dublin — Trinity College; the Queen's University, Belfast, 
and the National University of Ireland, with its three Uni- 
versity Colleges, one at Cork, one at Dublin and one at Galway. 

The University of Wales has three university colleges, one 
at Aberystwyth, one at Bangor, and one at Cardiff. 

There are also four independent university colleges: one at 
Exeter, one at Nottingham, one at Reading, and one at South- 
ampton. 

There are six technical colleges associated with universities: 
The Imperial College of Science and Technology, London; The 
Royal Technical College, Glasgow; The Heriot-Watt College, 
Edinburgh ; The Municipal College of Technology, Manchester ; 
The Royal College of Science, Dublin ; The Merchant Ven- 
turers' Technical College, Bristol. 



7. THE UNIVERSITIES OF OXFORD AND 
CAMBRIDGE 

In each of these unique educational institutions, the University 
is the degree-conferring power — a corporation with which the 
colleges, which are distinct corporate bodies, have intimate rela- 
tions. The Federal Union and the States in the United States 
may suggest an imperfect analogy. All members of colleges 
must be members of the University, and the great majority of 
the menabers of the University belong to some college, or hall, 
or body of non-collegiate students. 

Both of these universities have made it possible for a grad- 
uate of an approved university, who presents satisfactory evi- 
dence of his graduation, character and fitness to pursue the 
work sought, to be admitted without examination to the status 
of advanced or research student, and become a candidate for 
a degree. An advanced or research student at Oxford is en- 
titled to senior standing, and may proceed, in six terms, to the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts, or Bachelor of Letters, or Bachelor 
of Science, or Bachelor of Civil Law, or LL.B. 

If he wishes to be a candidate for the degree of Doctor of 
Philosophy, he should state his qualifications and the subject 
which he wishes to offer, and take special pains to outline the 
nature and extent of any previous graduate work. It is very 
important for the student to prove his fitness to engage in 
advanced research. Confidential letters from teachers who have 
been in a position to judge of his abilities, or a letter from some 
university of high standard stating that he is eligible for admis- 
sion as a candidate for research at said university may prove 
of value. 

If he has not had at least a year's training in research he must 
not expect to take his degree in less than three years. It may 
be pointed out, however, that it is possible to obtain in one 
year a certificate entitling him to the degree of Bachelor of 
Letters or of Science and that a student who has obtained such a 
certificate can thereby be admitted as an Advanced Student 
with the possibility of obtaining the Ph.D. degree in two more 
years. By adopting this method, it will be possible for a man 
to get pretty thorough training in methods of research in his 
first year and to apply those methods as an Advanced Student 
in the succeeding two years. 

At Cambridge the establishment of "Courses of Research" 
has made it possible for students who have already graduated 

10 



in other universities, or who are able to give some other evi- 
dence of special qualifications to proceed to the B.A. (or LL.B.) 
degree, after two years of residence. Such students do not take 
examinations, but they qualify for a degree by means of a 
dissertation. 

If the student satisfy the Board of Research Studies that 
before admission as a research student he has for a year at 
least undertaken work of the nature and quality of research, 
he may be exempted from one of the three years of research 
ordinarily required for the Ph.D. degree. 

The Board of Research Studies may, for special reasons, allow 
a student to pass at some other place of study one of the two 
years to be spent in the University. 

Application for admission as advanced student at Oxford 
should be addressed to the Assistant Registrar, University Reg- 
istry, Oxford, or, as a research student at Cambridge to the 
Registrary, Dr. J. N. Keynes. 

As it is necessary to become a member of some college or to 
enroll as a non-collegiate student before becoming a member of 
the University, it is wise to send in, with the application, a list 
of three or four colleges, in order of preference, of which the 
student desires to become a member. In a note attached he may 
request that the credentials and the list be forwarded by one 
college to the next until the candidate has been admitted to one. 
If on the other hand he wishes to enroll as a non-collegiate 
student he should so state. 

The student must pre-arrange for admission with the head 
of the college to which he is going to be admitted, or with the 
"Censor" of the non-collegiate students. 

The Oxford Colleges are, in the order of their supposed 
foundation: University (1249); Balliol (1262); St. Edmund's 
Hall (1269); Merton (1270); Exeter (1314) ; Oriel (1326); 
Queen's (1340); New College (1386); Lincoln (1427); All 
Souls (1437); Magdalen (1456); Brasenose (1509); Corpus 
Christi (1516) ; Christ Church (1532); Trinity (1554); St. 
John's (1555); Jesus (1571); Wadham (1612) ; Pembroke 
(1624); Worcester (1714); Hertford (1874); Keble (1870). 
In addition to the colleges there are two permanent private 
halls, Campion and St. Benet, and the Society of Non-Collegiate 
Students (1868). For women's colleges see Section 5. 

At Cambridge: Peterhouse or St. Peter's College (1284); 
Clare College (1326) ; Pembroke College (1347) ; Gonville and 
Caius College (1348) ; Trinity Hall (1350) ; Corpus Christi Col- 
li 



lege (1352); King's College (1441); Queen's College (1448); 
St. Catherine's College (1473); Jesus College (1496); Christ's 
College (1505); St. John's College (1511); Magdalene College 
(1542); Trinity College (1546); Emmanuel College (1584); 
Sidney Sussex College (1596); Downing College (1800). In 
addition to the Colleges the Public Hostel Selwyn College 
(1882) and Fitzwilliam Hall (Non-Collegiate Students), 
(1868). For women's colleges, see Section 5. 

FACULTIES 

At Oxford there are eight faculties which prepare for de- 
grees. They are : Law ; Medicine ; Theology ; Literse humaniores ; 
Mediaeval and Modern Languages and Literature; Modern His- 
tory; Natural Science (including forestry and rural economy) ; 
Oriental Languages and Literature. 

At Cambridge there are thirteen special Boards of Studies. 
They are for Divinity ; Law ; Medicine ; Classics ; Oriental 
Studies; Mediaeval and Modern Languages; Mathematics; 
Physics and Chemistry; Biology and Geology; History and 
Archaeology; Moral Science; Music; Economics and Politics. 
Other Boards of Studies to be mentioned here. Agricultural; 
Anthropological ; Architectural and Geographical. 

FACILITIES FOR ADVANCED STUDY AND RESEARCH 

The distinguished authorities and specialists in their subjects 
on the staffs of the universities and the colleges, together with 
their arrangements for the supervision of advanced students, 
afford the opportunity for the personal touch, the thing to be 
the most highly prized by earnest students. 

There is something educative in the traditions and atmosphere 
of these venerable universities. Their monuments of many cen- 
turies bring up "strange enchantments of the past and mem- 
ories of the days of old." 

Their ancient libraries and manuscripts, their rare archaelog- 
ical, artistic and numerous collections, and their expanding 
laboratories of modern times supply unsurpassed instruments 
for research. 

12 



8. UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 

The University of London was the first of the newer Uni- 
versities founded in England. It is truly an Imperial University, 
being situate at the capital of the Empire, and enjoying the 
manifold advantages of its location. 

ORGANIZATION 

The University is an overhead corporation appointing or 
recognizing teachers, and chiefly conducts examinations and 
confers degrees and diplomas. Its teaching is carried on in 
three groups of institutions of different types and kinds of con- 
nection with the university, numbering more than three score. 

The first group consists of institutions incorporated in or con- 
trolled by the University, numbering eight. 

The second group consists of "schools of the university," 
numbering 33, each controlled by its own governing body. 

The third group consists of other public educational institu- 
tions, numbering 28, having teachers recognized by the 
University. 

ADMISSION 

A student who wishes to undertake research work (whether 
he wishes to proceed to a higher degree or not) should make 
application to the teaching institution at which he desires to 
study, e. g., University College, King's College, etc. If he is 
unable himself to select an institution, he may send his applica- 
tion to the Academic Registrar, University of London, S. W. 7, 
or to the Director of the British Division of the American 
University Union, 50 Russell Square, W. C. i. The applicant 
should state his age, his degree, past studies or other qualifica-, 
tions, the name of the college or colleges in which he desires to 
pursue his course, the proposed date of beginning his course 
of study, the higher degree for which he wishes to be registered, 
and proposed subject of research. He should furnish copies of 
certificates he may have and of testimonials. Overseas students 
are advised to make application for registration before coming 
to London. 

The following institutions are in or related to the University : 

13 



UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 
(Gower Street, W. C. i.) 

The Faculties operating in the College are the Faculties of 
Arts (including the School of Architecture, the Slade School 
of Fine Art, and the Department of Economics), Law, Science, 
Engineering and Medical Science. Graduate and research 
work is provided in all Faculties. The College has enjoyed the 
largest attendance of graduate students of any college in the 
United Kingdom. 

The libraries contain about 143,000 volumes, 21,000 pamphlets 
and numerous valuable collections. 

The College possesses the following museums : Anatomy, 
Botany, Egyptology, Geology and Mineralogy, Philosophical 
Apparatus, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Zoology, Engineering, 
besides collections of instruments in the departments of Pure 
and Applied Mathematics. 

Among the laboratories newly erected and equipped are the 
Chemical, with special provision for graduate students in all 
branches of Chemistry and Pathological Chemistry, the Insti- 
tutes of Physiology and Pharmacology, and the famous Francis 
Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics and Bioroetric Lab- 
oratory, also new buildings for Anatomy and the School of 
Architecture. 

KING'S COLLEGE 
(Strand, next to Somerset House) 

King's is the second college incorporated in the University. 
It provides teaching in the Faculties of Arts, Science, Pre- 
liminary and Intermediate Medical Science, Engineering and 
Law. In graduate work the Departments of Chemistry, Physics, 
Mathematics, Zoology, Physiology, Botany, Geology and Psy- 
chology give special scope in connection with Glass, in Spec- 
troscopy, Radiation and Thermionic Emission, Physical Mathe- 
matics and Comparative Anatomy. 

In English special attention is given to work in Bibliography. 
In History prominence is given to Mediaeval History, Colonial 
and Naval History and the History of Eastern Europe. 

University and King's Colleges, together with the School of 
Economics, have adopted a plan of intercollegiate courses open 
to students of all the three institutions. 

14 



IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 
(South Kensington, S. W. i.) 

This, one of the greatest colleges of science and technology 
in the world, includes the Royal College of Science, the Royal 
School of Mines and the City and Guilds (Engineering) Col- 
lege. Its charter states that its purposes are "to give the high- 
est specialized instruction and to provide the fullest equipment 
for the most advanced training and research in various branches 
of science, especially in its application to industry." 

The work is organized in 27 main and sub-departments with 
the following professorships : 

Royal College of Science : Astro-Physics, Botany, Chemical 
Technology, Fuel and Refractory Materials (Chemical Engi- 
neering under Assistant Professor), Chemistry, Comparative 
Pathology, Economic Mineralogy, Entomology, Geology, Math- 
ematics (Pure), Mathematics (Applied), Organic Chemistry, 
Physical Chemistry, Physics, Plant Physiology (Biochemistry 
under Assistant Professor), Technical Optics (including Opti- 
cal Design), Technology of Woods and Fibres, Zoology. 

Royal School of Mines : Mining, Metallurgy, Oil Technology 
(under Professor of Geology). 

City and Guilds (Engineering) College: Civil Engineering, 
Electrical Engineering, Mechanical and Motive Power Engi- 
neering (including Aeronautical and Railway Engineering). 

From one-fourth to one-fifth of the total number of students 
are carrying on original investigations under the direction of 
their respective professors, and this, together with the research 
work of the staff, results in considerable additions to knowledge 
annually. 

The College, both in buildings and equipment, has done every- 
thing possible to meet and to extend this important branch of 
work, and admits qualified students at greatly reduced fees. 

The teaching work carried on in the College may be divided 
into (a) Associateship, and (b) Post-Associateship. The for- 
mer (a) consists of courses, approximately of Honors Graduate 
Standard, leading to the Associateship of the Royal College of 
Science (A.R.C.S.) ; the Associateship of the Royal School of 
Mines (A.R.S.M.) ; the Associateship of the City and Guilds 

15 



Institute (A.C.G.I.) ; and the latter (b) of courses of study 
and of research, comparable in standard to M.Sc, Ph.D. and 
D.Sc. work, leading to the Diploma of Membership of the 
Imperial College (D.I.C.). 

THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS 
(Clare Market, Kingsway, W. C. 2.) 
The world fame of the School rests upon its facilities for 
investigation and research. Instruction is given in the follow- 
ing subjects: Economics, Politics and Public Administration, 
including Public Finance, History, Law, Geography, Ethnology, 
Sociology, Commerce and Industry, Accounting and Business 
Methods, Banking, Currency and Finance, and Transport. In 
addition the Ratan Tata Department of Social Science and Ad- 
ministration of the University of London is located at the 
School, and its work forms an integral part of it. In all these 
departments research is carried on. The greatest attraction 
for the research student is its library of some 300,000 items, con- 
fined to the school's field of study, and unique in the world. It 
seeks to have a complete collection of governmental publications 
and official reports of all civilized countries. The Congressional 
Library of the United States has made it a library of deposit 
for congressional documents in London, and various depart- 
ments of American States have done the same. Its collection 
of municipal documents, presented by more than 300 municipal- 
ities throughout the world, is unequalled in any other country. 
It is also unique in its special collection made by experts of 
material illustrating particular subjects, like trade-unionism, 
transportation, and socialism. 

EAST LONDON COLLEGE 

The East London College is a School of the University of 
London in the Faculties of Arts, Science and Engineering, and 
carries on work in the Faculty of Medicine in conjunction with 
the London Hospital Medical College. Students are prepared 
for the first and higher examinations of the University of 
London in the first three of these Faculties, and facilities for 
research and post-graduate work are afforded at the College. 

16 



There is an Aeronautical Department in connection with the 
Faculty of Engineering and a course is provided in Aeronautical 
Engineering. 

A residential hostel for women has recently been founded. 

The College is liberally supported by the Drapers' Company 
of the City of London, who also give annually Scholarships 
tenable at the College. 

THE BROWN ANIMAL SANATORY INSTITUTION 

The Brown Animal Sanatory Institution affords opportunities 
for the investigation and study of diseases of animals. 

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LABORATORY 

Courses of lectures on current research are given by Lec- 
turers of the University and other duly accredited Physiologists 
in this Laboratory in the University Building, which is devoted 
to research. 

LISTER INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE 

The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine (1901) (late 
Jenner Institute of Preventive Medicine) is a School of the 
University for the purpose of research in Hygiene and Pa- 
thology. The University Professor of Protozoology is accom- 
modated in the Institute's Department of Protozoology. The 
laboratories of the Institute are open to students (both men 
and women) and usually no fees are required. Address: 
Chelsea Bridge Road, S. W. i. 

THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES 

(Finsbury Circus, E. C.) 

The School of Oriental Studies is probably the most represen- 
tative body of the kind in the world. Its classes have been 
used to satisfy various national needs during the war, and its 
range of study is exceedingly wide. Thirty languages are 
taught, from Maltese and Turkish to Japanese, and from Arabic 
to Zulu and South African Dutch (Taal). 

17 



HOSPITALS AND MEDICAL SCHOOLS 

The numerous Schools of the University in the Faculty of 
Medicine possess unrivalled facilities for instruction. Their 
peculiarity and one of their great advantages are that the 
Schools are for the most part outgrowths of hospitals and con- 
ducted in direct connection with the hospitals. They are: 

St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical School, West Smithfield, 
E. C. I ; St. Thomas's Hospital Medical School, Albert Embank- 
ment, S. E. I ; Westminster Hospital Medical School (men 
and women), Caxton Street, Westminster; Guy's Hospital Med- 
ical School, St Thomas's Street, Borough, S. E. ; St. George's 
Hospital Medical School, Hyde Park Corner, S. W. ; London 
Hospital Medical College (men and women in clinic only), 
Turner Street, Mile End, E. i ; Middlesex Hospital Medical 
School, Union Street, W. i ; Charing Cross Hospital Medical 
School (men and women). Charing Cross, W. C. 2; The 
London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women 
only, 8 Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, W. C. i ; University 
College Hospital Medical School (men), Gower Street, W. C. i ; 
King's College Hospital Medical School (men and women), 
Denmark Hill, S. E. 5; St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, 
clinics open for women from London School of Medicine for 
Women, Paddington, W. 2. 

There are the following hospitals and institutes for special 
purposes : London School of Tropical Medicine (men and 
women), Albert Docks, E. 16; Bethlehem Royal Hospital for 
Instruction in Mental Diseases (men and women), Lambeth 
Road, S. E. I ; Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the 
Chest (men and women), Brompton, Fulham Road, S. W. 3; 
Hospital for Sick Children (men and women). Great Ormond 
Street, W. C. i ; National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epi- 
leptics (lectures, men and women), Queen Square, W. C. i; 
Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital (men and women). City 
Road, E. C. I ; School of Pharmacy of the Pharmaceutical 
Society of Great Britain (men and women), 17 Bloomsbury 
Square, W. C. i. 

The principal hospitals and medical schools have joined in 
forming the Fellowship of Medicine, housed in the Royal Col- 

18 



lege of Medicine, i Wimpole Street. Its purpose is, with the 
Post-graduate Medical Association, to make it easy for medical 
graduates and qualified physicians and surgeons to avail them- 
selves of the unsurpassed facilities for advanced study and 
research afforded by the clinics and schools in London. By 
registering in the Fellowship for the nominal fee of £4 a month 
a graduate may attend the lectures of authorities in any of the 
schools and walk the hospitals. 

Hon. Secretaries, Sir John MacAlister and Mr. Philip Ranklin. 



THEOLOGICAL COLLEGES 

The University offers the degrees of B.D., Ph.D., and D.D. 
The Schools on the Faculty of Theology are New College, 
Hampstead (Congregational), Hackney College, Hampstead 
(Congregational), Regent's Park College (Baptist), King's 
College Theological Department (Church of England), Wes- 
leyan College Richmond (Methodist), St. John's Hall, Highbury 
(Church of England). 



LONDON DAY TRAINING COLLEGE FOR TEACHERS 

This College prepares graduate students (men and women) 
for the Teachers' Diploma. 



COLLEGES OF MUSIC 

There are four Colleges of Music with courses approved by 
the University: Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of 
Music, Trinity College of Music, Guild Hall School of Music 
(all for men and women). 



LAW 

The University confers the Degrees of LL.B., and LL.D. 
Courses may be taken at University College, King's College and 
the London School of Economics under a joint scheme. 

19 



9. INNS OF COURT AND LAW SOCIETY 

The Inns of Court antedate and are not a part of the Uni- 
versity of London. They are ancient and independent founda- 
tions analogous to the colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. They 
do not confer degrees, but prepare students, by nominal resi- 
dence and lectures, for the examinations for admission to the 
Bar. The four Inns of Court — Inner Temple, Middle Temple, 
Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn — have established a Council of 
Legal Education to superintend the education and examination 
of students for the Bar. Ordinarily graduates and students 
from the universities resort to the lectures and enter the Inns. 
The Council have kindly consented to admit to their lectures, 
upon the payment of the usual fees, graduate students of Law 
who are introduced by the American University Union in 
Europe. 

Solicitors, who are differentiated from barristers, have their 
own Law Society, where once there was an ancient Chancery 
Inn, which controls the examination and education of articled 
clerks, the admission of solicitors and the discipline of the pro- 
fession. The Law Society also extends the privilege of admis- 
sion to their lectures, upon the payment of the usual fees, to law 
students introduced by the Union. 



20 



10. PROVINCIAL OR CIVIC UNIVERSITIES 

These Universities may well be named twentieth century uni- 
versities. They have all taken their present form in this cen- 
tury. In organization, spirit and courses of study, they are very 
like the American State Universities. Their buildings are, of 
course, new. They are substantial, compact, with architectural 
features and modern equipment, and located generally near the 
heart of cities. All the six universities have faculties of Arts, 
of Science, of Medicine, and departments for the training of 
teachers. They have a Faculty of Applied Science or Engineer- 
ing or Technology (in Birmingham included in the Faculty of 
Science). Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield have faculties of 
Law, which in Leeds is included in the Faculty of Arts. Man- 
chester alone has a Faculty of Theology and one of Music. 
Birmingham and Manchester have faculties of Commerce, and 
Leeds and Liverpool have Departments. 

Taking the departments together in all these universities, 
they cover broadly ancient and modern languages and litera- 
tures, historical, economic and social sciences, the physical and 
biological sciences and their applications, and medicine, includ- 
ing public health. 

The six universities being located in large cities have special 
facilities in the way of clinics in medicine, for applied science in 
visiting works, and for training of teachers in observing schools. 



UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 

Birmingham (population 840,202), "the capital of the Mid- 
lands," is situate on the edge of the great coal and iron dis- 
trict. Numerous industries, chiefly of iron goods, are carried 
on here. This University makes a specialty of the Qiemistry 
of Fermentation and has a Laboratory of Brewing. The 
faculty of Commerce is one of the first to be established in the 
United Kingdom. It offers special facilities for research, as do 
the departments of Chemistry, Physics, Engineering (Civil, 
Mechanical and Electrical and in particular Mining and Metal- 
lurgy). 

21 



UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL 

The youngest of all British Universities is designed to be the 
institution of the Great West Country. It is located in the 
higher parts of the ancient seaport of Bristol (population 
329,515), which now has a large oversea trade. It is the chief 
emporium of tobacco, the headquarters of the British and Co- 
lonial Aeroplane Company, and the principal seat of the cocoa 
and chocolate manufacture. The laboratories in all the scientific, 
medical and engineering subjects are equipped for purposes of 
research in the latter subjects, even including Automobile En- 
gineering. The University enjoys the advantages of its associa- 
tion with the Merchant Venturers' Technical College. There 
is an agricultural and horticultural branch station at Long 
Ashton, with experimental fruit plantations and orchards. 

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM 

Picturesquely situated on the hill with the cathedral, it is the 
acropolis of Durham (population 15,956). The University now 
exists in two divisions : the Durham Division, devoted especially 
to the Arts and Theology, retains the residential and tutorial 
traditions of Oxford and Cambridge, and the Newcastle Division 
at Newcastle-on-Tyne (population 222,708) consists of the Col- 
lege of Medicine and Armstrong College. The College of 
Medicine is able to admit research students for the doctorate in 
Physiology, Pathology, and Bacteriology. Armstrong College is 
able to admit research students in Applied Mathematics, Naval 
Architecture, Zoology, Electrical Engineering, Agriculture and 
Economics. 

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 

The University of Leeds, innbued with the strenuous and 
democratic spirit of Yorkshire, is perhaps the most like a 
Western State University of any university in England. The 
city (population 453,170) has for centuries been noted for its 
woollen goods. Among other industries are engine making, 
leather tanning, chemical manufacture and dyeing. 

There are faculties of Arts, of Science, of Technology and 
Medicine. The Department of Latin offers an opportunity for 
research in excavations and study of Roman Yorkshire. In the 
Department of English dialectical research is undertaken in this 
region, famous for dialects of English. 

22 



The Faculty of Technology looms large in Leeds. Chemistry 
in its various aspects is the central study in this university. 
There is a co-operative group of teachers and researchers in 
organic, inorganic, physical and biological chemistry of agri- 
culture, color chemistry, chemistry of gases and fuel, and 
chemistry of the leather industries. Physics, chemistry, tech- 
nical microscopy, bacteriology and mycology are applied to 
leather manufacture. As Leeds is a great centre of woollen 
manufacture, the Cloth Workers Co. of the City of London 
established the two departments of textile industries and of 
tinctorial chemistry and dyeing. In addition to instruction, 
provision has been made for experimental studies and research. 

The Department of Agriculture has its roots in every part of 
Yorkshire, and, in connection with the recent establishment by 
the Government of the Animal Nutrition Research Institution, 
is becoming a great research station. 

UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL 

The world-wide environment of the University of Liverpool, 
situated at one of the world's greatest ports, gives the university 
a peculiarly imperial and international aspect. "Liverpool is the 
Venice of our times and has its Padua within its own borders." 

The University is distinguished by the possession of several 
schools conducted under the policy of co-operation with the 
authorities and organizations outside the institution. The 
School of Architecture is a professional school for architects 
at a university standard on a level with other professional 
schools. The teaching staff in purely architectural subjects is 
supplemented by teachers of cognate subjects in the Faculties 
of Arts, Science and Engineering. The School of Civic Design, 
or of town planning and landscape architecture, has been added 
as a department of the School of Architecture. 

The School of Social Studies and of training for social work 
is the outcome of arrangements by the University with the 
Central Relief Society, the Victoria Settlement for Women and 
the University Settlement for Men. 

At the School of Local History, courses are given in paleog- 
raphy, diplomatics, English numismatics and the bibliography 
and sources of English mediaeval history. 

Other schools in modern subjects are : The School of Rus- 
sian Studies; the School of Commerce; the School of Hygiene; 

23 



the School of Pharmacy ; the School of Veterinary Medicine ; 
the School of Dental Surgery; and the famous School of 
Tropical Medicine. , 

The University up to this date has recognized the following 
departments as able to admit research students for the Ph.D. 
Degree. 

Faculty of Arts: Departments of Archaeology and Philosophy. 

Faculty of Science: Botany, Chemistry (Inorganic), Chem- 
istry (Organic), Chemistry (Physical), Entomology, Geology, 
Mathematics. Oceanography, Physics, Tidal Institute, Zoology. 

Faculty of Medicine: Bacteriology, Bio-Chemistry, Para- 
sitology, Pathology, Physiology, Tropical Medicine. 

Faculty of Engineering: Civil Engineering, Electrical En- 
gineering, Mechanical Engineering, Naval Architecture. 

The Faculty of Arts is. at the moment, unable to provide for 
students undertaking work for the Doctorate, but hopes to be 
able to do so at an early date. 

For the John W. Garrett International Fellowship in Bac- 
teriology, see Section 15. 

THE VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER 

"The work shop of the world," especially in the cotton indus- 
try, is the first in time of the provincial universities and one 
of the strongest. 

Its large library, covering a wide range of subjects, is rein- 
forced by the John Rylands Library of nearly 250,000 volumes, 
containing one of the most important collections of early printed 
books in existence. It is especially strong in Theology, History, 
Philosophy, Philology and Classics. There is also the ancient 
Chetham Library with mediaeval manuscripts, printed books of 
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and books on modern 
historical literature. The Municipal Reference Library specially 
contains recent books and collections of English periodicals. 

All the scientific laboratories are equipped for advanced study 
in research; special provision is made for radio-activity and 
ionisation of gases. There is a research laboratory in Chemis- 
try, in Engineering, in Agriculture, in Entomology, in Pathology 

24 



and the Department of Public Health. The Fielden School is 
the University Demonstration School affording special opportu- 
nities for research in Education. The Manchester Museum 
forms part of the university buildings. It contains a valuable 
Egyptological collection, mainly collected by Professor Flinders 
Petrie. The new faculty of Education prepares for a higher 
degree of Master in Education. The University was one of the 
first in Great Britain to institute the Ph.D. and other research 
degrees. 

Problems of the relations between Sociology and Education 
are receiving particular attention at the present time in Pro- 
fessor Findlay's work with advanced students. 

It is the fundamental principle of the University that there 
shall be no theological tests for either teachers or students, but 
a Theological Faculty has been formed offering research degrees 
and the Ph.D. Anglicans, Baptists, Congregationalists, Mora- 
vians, Primitive Methodists, Unitarians, United Methodists and 
Wesleyans all have institutions for the training of the ministry 
in Manchester, and from these the students in the Faculty of 
Theology are largely drawn. 

Noteworthy facilities for the advanced study of medicine 
abound; as Manchester is the centre of a densely populated area 
of wide extent, so its hospitals form one of the largest groups 
in the United Kingdom. They have the services of specialist 
physicians and surgeons, who are, many of them, university 
teachers, and deal with very large numbers of patients. Conse- 
quently, exceptionally good opportunities exist for graduates 
desiring to study and gain experience either by (i) becoming 
members of classes of instruction; or (2) acting as clinical as- 
sistants (non-resident) to the various specialists; or (3) under- 
taking research work in special subjects; or (4) obtaining posts 
as resident house medical officers. Opportunities for research 
in Pathology and Bacteriology are exceptionally good. The 
famous Public Health Laboratories form essentially an Institute 
of Preventive Medicine, and are valuable for trained investi- 
gators. 

The College of Technology is a constituent college in the 
University of Manchester. Its principal activities comprise the 
conduct of industrial research — generally in co-operation with 

25 



firms engaged in the industries of South East Lancashire. 
Courses of advanced study and research are offered in Engineer- 
ing (Mechanical, Electrical, Municipal, and Sanitary), in Ap- 
plied Chemistry, including coal tar chemistry, and dye stuff 
research. To these must be added advanced study in Textile 
Industries, Applied Physics, and Architecture. 

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD 

The world-wide fame of Sheffield (population 459,916) as a 
centre of iron and steel industries, or engineering and "the 
heavy trades," or armor and ordnance (the United States even 
placing orders there), of cutlery, and of silver plate, may well 
account for the pre-eminence given in the university to the 
Departments of Engineering and of Metallurgy, of Iron, Steel, 
and Non-ferrous Metals. 

The Faculties are Arts, Pure Science, Medicine, Law, En- 
gineering (mechanical, electrical, civil, mining). Applied Chem- 
istry. The Faculty of Metallurgy is an outstanding one. Stu- 
dents in the Departments of Engineering and Metallurgy have 
ample opportunity of gaining a practical as well as a theoretical 
knowledge in the shops and collieries. 

The Department of Glass Technology offers a rich programme 
of researches for 1920: i. Chemical; 2. Physical; 3. On Glass 
Production ; 4. On Glass Refractories ; 5. Furnace Tests ; 6. 
Light and General Engineering Problems. 

One of the earliest Departments of Education is here pri- 
marily concerned with the training of teachers, largely in grad- 
uate work. 



26 



11. THE SCOTCH UNIVERSITIES 

The four universities of Scotland, like Oxford and Cam- 
bridge, centuries old, retain something of the flavor of the 
past, but resemble the American universities in not being resi- 
dential or having a tutorial system. These universities have 
regulations for the encouragement of study and research and 
for the appointment of Research Fellows. By these regulations 
the graduates of recognized universities, or other persons w^ho 
have given satisfactory proof of general education and fitness to 
engage in some special study or research, may be admitted 
without examination for the purpose. Every applicant for ad- 
mission must send in a written application stating any degree or 
other distinction which he has already obtained, the line of 
study or research which he wishes to prosecute and the probable 
period of its duration, together with evidence as to his character, 
capacity and general qualifications. Every Research Student is 
required to matriculate each year, paying the ordinary fee. Each 
Research Student must make payment of a sum to cover the 
ordinary expenses in laboratories incident to his work, unless 
the payments are remitted in whole or in part on recommenda- 
tion of the Professor in charge. The title of Research Fellow 
may be conferred on research students who have shown especial 
distinction. The title may be conferred either at the commence- 
ment of the student's course of research, or at any time during 
its progress. The title does not confer any right to stipend, but 
in rare cases a stipend may be provided. 

Inasmuch as the first degree in Arts in Scotland is an M.A., 
which corresponds to a Bachelor's degree in America, a Scotch 
Bachelor's degree is a second or advanced degree, e. g., Ed.B. 
(Bachelor of Education). The other advanced degrees in Arts 
are Ph.D., D.Litt. 

The M.A. (i. e., American B.A.) degree with Honors may 
be obtained by a graduate of an approved university after two 
years of attendance and attaining the required standard in the 
examinations. 

In Science, B.Sc. is a first degree requiring not less than three 
academic years' attendance. The remission of part of the class 
attendance and examinations will be considered on the merits of 
each applicant. The advanced degrees are Ph.D., D.Sc, 

27 



D.Sc. for Public Health. In Medicine the first degrees are M.B. 
(Bachelor of Medicine), Ch.B. (Bachelor of Surgery), ad- 
vanced degrees M.D., Ch.M., Ph.D.; in Law, B.L. (Bachelor of 
Law), the advanced degrees LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) and 
Ph.D. In Divinity the advanced degrees are B.D., Ph.D. 

ABERDEEN 

The University of Aberdeen (in a city of a population of 
152,463 has a peculiarly Scotch flavor, standing in the granite- 
built city in the heart of the Province of Moray, well called 
"the Scotland of Scotland." It has largely preserved the virtues 
attributed to the pioneer American colleges. Its graduates are 
marked with an individuality of their own and are said to be 
cast in a stoic mold and to add grit to granite. Its Faculties 
are Art, Science, Divinity, Law, and Medicine. 

The Library contains 200,000 volumes. It is especially rich 
in Celtic literature and in books bearing on the history, topog- 
raphy and antiquities of the Scottish Highlands. 

The facilities for research are afforded in laboratories con- 
nected with the following departments: Anatomy, Pathology, 
Bacteriology, Botany, Chemistry, Agricultural Chemistry, Phar- 
macology, Physics, Physiology, Public Health and Zoology. By 
request of the Government an Institute for Research in Animal 
Nutrition has been established. Dr. Plummer, the great authority 
on Bio-Chemistry, will welcome voluntary workers there. 

EDINBURGH 

Edinburgh, the only post-Reformation university in Scotland, 
the youngest and largest of the Scotch university sisterhood, 
stands nearer in several respects than any of the others to 
American institutions. Like most of the State universities, it 
evolved from an arts faculty under State patronage and without 
any attempts at a residential college system. It was the resort 
of the American students who went abroad to study, up to the 
time of the American Revolution. It is still in its clientele the 
most cosmopolitan of Scotch, if not of British, universities. Only 
a little more than one-half of its students are Scotch. The num- 
ber of medical students from many countries is greater than that 

28 



of any other medical school in the British Empire. The city 
(with a population of 320,318) in its picturesqueness and literary 
fame, "the Athens of the North," has contributed to attract 
students. 

The Faculties are Arts (including, in addition to the usual 
academic subjects, Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, Hebrew 
and Semitic Languages, Arabic and Celtic, Constitutional Law, 
Astronomy, Agriculture and Rural Economy and Forestry), 
Divinity, Law, Medicine (including Public Health, Bacteriology, 
and Tuberculosis), and Music. The Library contains over 
270,000 volumes and 8,000 MSS. 

The following laboratories are especially equipped for re- 
search: Physics, Chemistry, Royal Botanic Gardens, Psy- 
chology, Anatomy and Anthropology, Physiology, John Usher 
Institute of Public Health, Materia Medica, Pathology, Bac- 
teriology, the Engineering Laboratory for Strength of Materials 
and Hydraulics, and the Heriot-Watt College for graduates in 
Electrical Engineering. 

GLASGOW 

Glasgow University is now emphatically the urban university 
of Scotland in its metropolis of a million. The university oc- 
cupies new buildings on the crest of a hill above one of the great 
city parks. The Faculties are Arts, Science, Medicine, Law, 
and Theology; special lectureships have also recently been es- 
tablished in such subjects as Arabic, Hellenistic Greek, Roman 
History, Celtic, Italian and Russian. Special departments have 
been founded for the study of Naval Architecture and of Mining 
in addition to a large and well-equipped Engineering Depart- 
ment. Research is provided for in the laboratories of Physics, 
Chemistry, Botany, Zoology, Geology and in the departments 
relating to Medicine and Public Health. In Engineering the 
university favors the "Sandwich System," made possible by 
the proximity to the university of workshops, manufactories and 
shipyards. 

The Royal Technical College, Glasgow, is affiliated to the 
University. The College building, comprising over seven acres 
of floor space, has cost with equipment about £400,000. The 

29 



laboratories are fully equipped with apparatus of the most 
modern type, specially designed for demonstrations and re- 
search. They include rooms provided with machinery and ap- 
pliances for large-scale experiments and operations associated 
with the manufacture of chemicals, the economical consumption 
of fuels, production of sugar, bleaching and dyeing of materials, 
treatment of ores, melting and casting of metals and alloys, 
metallographical examination and assaying. The Textile De- 
partment contains over 50 looms designed for the production of 
all kinds of fabrics. 

ST. ANDREW'S 

St. Andrew's, located in the picturesque city of the same 
name (population 9,701), stands as an example to the American 
advocate of the small, rural, secluded, inexpensive institution. 
Its faculties are Arts, Science (including Agriculture and En- 
gineering), Divinity, and Medicine (including Public Health). 
The University Library contains 160,000 printed volumes. The 
museums include collections in standard sciences. A new Chem- 
ical Research Laboratory has been erected, and among the 
ordinary laboratories the Gatty Marine Laboratory is to be 
mentioned. 

University College, Dundee, is affiliated to St. Andrew's in 
Dundee (population 176,062) and is specially devoted to the 
sciences and medicine. 



30 



12. UNIVERSITY OF WALES 

The University of Wales consists of three constituent uni- 
versity colleges at Aberystwyth, Bangor, and Cardiff. These 
three institutions are perhaps the most democratic of all British 
institutions, and would be the least expensive. Several theo- 
logical seminaries in Wales of different denominations are 
affiliated with the university. 

Regulations for the M.A. require that the candidate should 
have fulfilled all the conditions for B.A. The usual qualifying 
period of study for the M.A. is not less than two academic years, 
but it may be reduced to one if the candidate has completed 
an Honors course. It is not required that a candidate for the 
M.A. shall pursue his scheme of study in a constituent college 
of the University, or that he shall be presented either for the 
examinations completing it or for the degree by a constituent 
college. I 

The Ph.D. degree has been established. The regulations have 
not yet (April, 1920) been issued, but they will conform in 
general to those in other institutions. 



UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF WALES 

Aberystwyth (population 8,411) is a salubrious and beautiful 
seaside resort on the Western coast with the college on the sea 
front. The National Library of Wales, which is situated in the 
town, is one of the six great libraries of the United Kingdom, 
and receives a free copy of every work published in Great 
Britain. It was founded in 191 1, and now consists of about 
350,000 books. It contains by far the most extensive collection 
of books and manuscripts relating to Wales and the Welsh lan- 
guage. 

Advanced work can be carried on in several of the College 
Departments. 

The Plant Breeding Institute was founded in 1919 and is 
under the direction of Professor R. G. Stapledon. The Wilson 
Chair of International Politics was founded in 1919, and is 
occupied by Professor Alfred E. Zimmern. 

31 



UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NORTH WALES, BANGOR 

Bangor (population 11,236) has become the recognized edu- 
cational centre of North Wales. The college has the advantage 
of being at the seat of a cathedral, two theological colleges, and 
two training colleges. 

In addition to special courses in Celtic Studies the College is 
prepared to offer a graduate course in Aeronautics. Professor 
G. H. Bryan, F.R.S., the head of the Mathematics Department 
of the College, is the leading authority in the United Kingdom 
on the Mathematics of Aeroplane Flight, and for the last three 
years has been lent by the College to the British Government 
to carry out investigations on this subject. He returns to the 
College and will be in charge of the graduate work. 



UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTH WALES AND 
MONMOUTHSHIRE, CARDIFF 

This College is located at the seaport town of Cardiff (popu- 
lation 182,259). It is the largest coal-shipping port in the world, 
and the centre of important manufacturing and distributing 
industries. 

The College has the advantage of the location there of the 
National Welsh Museum and a well-developed Medical School, 
the only one in Wales. A joint diploma in coal mining is 
granted by the College of South Wales and Monmouthshire 
School of Mines. The Principal reports that on account of the 
crowded condition of the College no graduate students can be 
accommodated at present. 



32 



13. THE IRISH UNIVERSITIES 

TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN 

The ancient University of Dublin represents in Ireland the 
same type of university and tradition as Oxford and Cambridge 
with a commingling of the Scotch type. The College occupies 
a large site within its own walls in the middle of the city, and 
has residential accommodations for about 270 students out of 
about 1,000 undergraduates and 280 graduates. It is a dis- 
tinctive feature of the University that an Arts degree is a pre- 
requisite for a professional degree. 

The Library has the privilege (shared by the British Museum, 
the Bodleian, the Cambridge University, the Edinburgh Advo- 
cates' Libraries and the National Library of Wales) of receiv- 
ing a copy of every book published in the United Kingdom. It 
contains 333,110 volumes and 2,077 MSS. Trinity College offers 
unique opportunities for research in the older philology and 
literature of Ireland and Wales. The collection of MSS in- 
cludes many of the most important monuments of the old Irish 
language. There are also very special facilities for research in 
Irish history. 

There are opportunities of research in modern and research 
laboratories in experimental physics, chemistry, botany, physi- 
ology, zoology and geology. The medical school is among the 
strongest and has at its disposal the hospitals of Dublin. Op- 
portunities are offered of graduate study in Orthopaedics, Laryn- 
gology, Otology, Dermatology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 
In the last there is a diploma offered and the degree of Master 
in Obstetric Science (M.A.O.). 

Advanced degrees are conferred: M.A. (after an examination 
or on the submission of a thesis to be approved by the Faculty 
of Arts or as a recognition of independent research in one or 
more of the subjects of the Faculty), M.Sc, M.Comm.Sc. 
(Master of Commercial Science), LL.B., M.D., M.Ch. (Master 
of Surgery), M.A.O. (Master of Obstetrics). The degrees of 
D.Litt., D.Sc, LL.D. are honorary. 

33 



ROYAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE FOR IRELAND 
DUBLIN 

This College is administered by the Department of Agri- 
cultural and Technical Instruction for Ireland. It provides a 
course of instruction in those branches of science which are 
connected with agricultural engineering and manufactures. It 
occupies a great building, opened in 191 1, with extensive modern 
laboratories in Agricultural Biology, Agricultural Chemistry. 
Botany, Applied Chemistry, Engineering, Geology, Mineralogy 
and Geography, Physics and Electro-Technology, Zoology. It 
has a plan of co-ordination with all the Irish universities by 
which it gives credit in certain courses to matriculated students 
of the universities, and the universities reciprocate by giving 
credit in courses in the Royal College of Science. The Univer- 
sities give the degrees in Agriculture. The College gives the 
title of A.R.C.Sc.I. (Associate Royal College of Science for 
Ireland). 

Advanced students attending the special courses, or engaged 
in research, are allowed special facilities for work in the labora- 
tories. 

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND 

Like the University of Wales, this is a Federal University, 
conferring degrees, etc., but with the teaching done in its Col- 
leges. While all religious tests in the University and its con- 
stituent colleges are prohibited, owing to historical circum- 
stances the staff and the students both consist very largely of 
members of the Roman Catholic Church. The three university 
or constituent colleges are at Cork (population 76,632), at Gal- 
way (population 13,249), and at Dublin (population 310,467). 
The Faculties are Arts, Philosophy and Sociology, Celtic 
Studies, Science, Law, Medicine, Engineering and Architecture, 
Commerce. Agriculture is included in Science; Music in Arts 
and Celtic Studies ; Public Health in Medicine. 

The candidate for the degree of M.A. must pursue an "ap- 
proved post-graduate course" for an academic year and present 
an acceptable dissertation, or two years after obtaining his 
B.A. degree present a dissertation and pass a special examina- 

34 



tion. The newly established Ph.D. requires residence and is 
obtainable after two or three years. 

There are also degrees of Master and Doctor of Celtic 
studies. 

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, CORK 

This college has always made a specialty of its medical school, 
having advantages for clinical instruction in the extensive 
hospitals of the city. The engineering laboratories afford op- 
portunities for research and also the new biological laboratory. 
It has a hostel for Roman Catholic students. Every student 
must be entered under a Dean of Residence. This is true of 
the other two colleges. 

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GALWAY 

This is an excellent specimen of the "small college." It is 
Europe's most western collegiate outpost, facing the Atlantic. 
It is situated in the heart of an Irish-speaking district. There 
are limited facilities for research in Physics, Chemistry and 
Geology. 

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN 

This college is the largest of the three constituent colleges 
of the National University of Ireland. It occupies fine, new 
buildings, housing the Department of Physics and Chemistry. 
Special prominence is given to Chemistry, Experimental 
Physics, Mathematics, and Mathematical Physics, Celtic Studies, 
Classics, Education, Pathology, Physiology and Music. There 
are several halls or hostels for men, and also for women. 

THE QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY OF BELFAST 

This is a "single College" university, like the Scotch and new 
English universities. It is located in the largest and richest 
city (population 385,528) in Ireland, with a constituency of 
practically one race and one religious persuasion. Its faculties 
are Arts (including Music), Science (including Agriculture 
and the School of Engineering), Law, Medicine, Commerce. 
The laboratories in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology and Anat- 
omy afford facilities for research. The hospitals of the city 
are available for extensive clinics. 

35 



14. THE ACADEMIC YEAR AND TERMS 

The year is commonly called a session. It runs from about 
the first of October to the first week in July. It is ordinarily 
divided into three terms. The first from about October ist to 
the middle of December; the second from the middle of January 
to the end of March; the third from the latter part of April 
to the first week in July. The dates vary slightly to fit in with 
the holidays of the ecclesiastical year, e. g., Easter. In a few 
instances there are two terms in the year, mid October to late 
March, late April to end of July. In Theology in Scotch Univer- 
sities, one Winter term, mid October to March. The lengths 
of the terms vary from full terms of eight weeks at Oxford and 
Cambridge to full terms of eleven weeks in modern universities. 
There are no summer terms in the American sense of regular 
sessions in the summer months, but there are a few summer 
meetings with lectures at several of the universities. 

15. GRADUATE STUDENTSHIPS, SCHOLAR- 
SHIP OR FELLOWSHIPS 

At present the only position of the kind reported specifically 
for Americans is in the University of Liverpool. It is the John 
W. Garrett International Fellowship in Bacteriology, founded in 
the year 1901 by William Johnston, to commemorate the late 
John W. Garrett, of Baltimore, U. S. A. The regulations are: 

1. The Fellowship shall be called the John W, Garrett In- 
ternational Fellowship in Bacteriology. 

2. The value of the Fellowship shall be £100 a year. 

3. The Fellowship shall be open to members of universities 
and medical schools in the United States, and of other foreign 
schools; but, if from any cause it may be not be found advisable 
to appoint a holder from these sources, the Fellowship may be 
held by any other person who in the opinion of the Faculty of 
Medicine is suitable. 

4. The Fellow shall be elected by the Faculty of Medicine 
on the nomination of the Professor of Bacteriology. Failing a 
candidate in Bacteriology, the Professors of Pathology and 
Physiology shall be invited to nominate a candidate. Applica- 
tions must be sent to the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine not 
later than May 31. 

5. The Fellow shall be elected for one year, and shall be 
eligible for re-election on two further occasions. 

Z6 



6. The Fellow shall devote himself to research in Bac- 
teriology, Pathology, or Physiology, under the direction of the 
Professors of Bacteriology, Pathology or Physiology. He shall 
undertake no work which shall in any way interfere with these 
duties. 

7. The work shall be done in the laboratories of the Uni- 
versity ; but, by special permission, the Fellow may be allowed 
to follow his investigations elsewhere. 

In Manchester the following are open to foreign students : 
the John Harling Fellowship in Physics, value £125 (sometimes 
£175) a year; the Vulcan Fellowship in Engineering, value 
£200 (or possibly £250) a year; the Osborne Reynolds Research 
Fellowship in Engineering, value about £200 a year; the 
Schunck Research Fellowship in Chemistry, value £100 a year; 
the Ashby Memorial Research Scholarship in Diseases of Chil- 
dren, value £100 a year; the Jevons Studentship in Economics, 
value £70 a year. 

The Governing Body of the Manchester Municipal College 
of Technology ofifers a limited number of Research Scholar- 
ships in Technology, each of value. not exceeding £100 (with 
fees remitted) open to graduates of universities in the British 
Empire and to other persons possessing special qualifications 
for research. 

The large majority of studentships, scholarships and fellow- 
ships offered by the universities have been heretofore naturally 
by the terms of their endowments reserved for their own grad- 
uates or British subjects. In the older universities, however, 
there are many scholarships and proceeds of endowments open 
to all comers, but in view of the crowds of British applicants, 
Americans stand little chance of sharing them, at least until 
they have proved their merits by not less than a year's residence. 
Americans doing this would be eligible for Internships in hos- 
pitals or for Grants in Aid of Research from the Charles 
Graham Medical Research Fund in the School of Advanced 
Medical Studies connected with University College Hospital, 
London, or aid from the Dixon Fund for Research in the Uni- 
versity of London. 

The tendency is for each institution to establish scholarships 
to send its students to foreign universities, e. g., the Imperial 
College of Science, London, not without hope of reciprocity, 
is giving next year four or five Scholarships of £400 each to its 
students to study in America. 



16. SUMMARY OF EXPENSES 

The British way of itemizing fees in courses may be called 
the piece system of payment as contrasted with the American 
plan of payment in lump sums. For an American, confusion is 
worse confounded with institutions in which there are both 
university fees and college fees. It is, therefore, diflficult for 
the American student at first to reckon his fees and expenses. 
The following are rough estimates (reckoning one pound at 
five dollars) : 

Oxford is doubtless the most expensive of all, and Cam- 
bridge next. The total fees in Oxford for the Ph.D. (if three • 
years) are about $240; $210 (if two years). Cambridge has 
not yet made announcement. 

The living expenses run from $300 non-collegiate to from $425 
to $900 in some colleges for an academic year of only 24 weeks. 
In other universities an academic year is of 30 to 33 weeks. 

The London total of fees for the Ph.D. is $230 (if three 
years) ; $190 (if two years). Living expenses, 33 weeks in 
residential colleges, from $435 to $600; and in hostels or lodg- 
ings from $289 upwards. 

English provincial universities: total Ph.D. fees (if three 
years), $220; $212 (if two years). Living expenses, 33 weeks, 
from $260 to $495. 

The Scotch universities, about the same. 

Welsh universities : Ph.D. fees, not yet announced. Living 
expenses, 33 weeks, about $289. 

Irish universities: total Ph.D. fees, $201. Living expenses, 
30 weeks, from $225 to $315. .^ 

It must be noted that degrees in Science cost considerably 
more on account of charges for materials used in laboratories. 
In Engineering and Medicine these charges are still larger. 

For Graduate and Research Students, all the universities 
have trifling fees for supervision and reduced tuition. 



38 



17. ADDRESSES OF UNIVERSITY 
CORRESPONDENTS 

ENGLAND 

The University of Birmingham : G. H. Mosley, Esq., The 
University of Birmingham, Birmingham. 

The University of Bristol : Registrar James Rafter, The Uni- 
versity of Bristol, Bristol. 

Cambridge University : The Registrary of the University, J. N. 
Keynes. For admission to a College, to the Head or Senior Tutor 
of the College of Colleges preferred; or to the Censor, W. F. 
Redaway, Esq., M. A., Fitzwilliam Hall, for Non-Collegiate Students. 

The University of Durham: Secretary of the Council of the 
Durham Colleges, Durham. Secretary of the College of Medicine, 
Newcastle-on-Tyne, or Registrar of Armstrong College, Newcastle- 
on-Tyne. 

The University of Leeds : A. E. Wheeler, Secretary of Leeds 
University, Leeds. 

The University of Liverpool : The Registrar, E. Carey, The 
University of Liverpool, Liverpool. 

The University of London: Academic Registrar, P. J. Hartog, 
C. L E., The University, South Kensington, London. 

LONDON COLLEGES 

University College : Secretary, Walter W. Seton, Gower Street, 
London, W. C. 1. 

King's College : Secretary, S. T. Shovelton, King's College, 
Strand, London, W. C. 2. 

King's College for Women, Household and Social Science Depart- 
ment : Dean, Miss Lane Claypon, Campden Hill, London. 

Imperial College of Science and Technology: Secretary A. Gow, 
South Kensington, London, S. W. 7. 

Goldsmiths' College : Warden, T. Raymont, New Cross, London, 
S. E. 14. 

Brown Animal Sanatory Institution : Secretary, Edwin Deller, 
The University, South Kensington. London, S. W. 7. 

The Physiological Laboratory : (Applications to occupy a Labora- 
tory Table). Principal Officer, The University of London, South 
Kensington, London, S. W. 7. 

The Francis Galton Laboratory for National Eugenics : Professor 
Karl Pearson, University College, Gower Street, London, W. C. 1. 

Bartlett School of Architecture : Secretary, Walter W. Seton, 
University College, Gower Street, London, W. C. 1. 

Bedford College for Women : Principal, Miss Margaret Tuke, 
Regent's Park, London, N. W. 1. 

Royal Holloway College (for Women) : Principal, Miss Ellen 
C. Higgins, Englefield Green, Surrey, England. 

East London College: Registrar, E. J. Wignall, Mile End Road, 
London, E. I. 

39 



London School of Economics and Political Science : Dean, Miss 
C. S. McTaggart, Clare Market, Kingsway, London, W. C. 2. 

London Day Training College : Principal, Professor J. Adams, 
Southampton Row, London, W. C. 1. 

School of Oriental Studies: Director, Professor Sir Edward 
Denison Ross, Finsbury Circus, London, E. C. 2. 

Westfield College (for Women) : Principal, Miss Bertha S. 
Phillpotts, Hampstead, London, N. W. 3. 



The University of Manchester: The Registrar, H. Richardson, 
Registrar of College of Technology, Manchester. 

The University of Oxford: The Assistant Registrar, E. S. Craig; 
for admission of Non-Collegiate Students, to the Censor, James B. 
Baker, Students' Delegacy, Oxford. 

The University of Sheffield: The Registrar, W. M. Gibbons, 
Sheffield. 

SCOTLAND 

Aberdeen : The Secretary of the University, Aberdeen. 

Edinburgh : Sir Richard Lodge, Dean of the Faculty of Arts, 
University of Edinburgh. 

Glasgow : The Registrar of the University of Glasgow. For 
Women's Department : Queen Margaret College, Mrs. E. C. Wal- 
lace, Glasgow. 

Glasgow, Royal Technical : H. F. Stockdale, Director. 

St. Andrew's : Andrew Bennett, Secretary of the University of 
St. Andrew's, St. Andrew's. 

IRELAND 

Queen's University of Belfast: The Secretary of the Universit}', 
J. M. Finnegan, Belfast. 

The University of Dublin, Trinity College: E. P. Culverwell, 
Registrar of the University, Dublin. 

The National University of Ireland : The Registrar, Sir Joseph 
M'Grath, 49 Merrion Square, Dublin. 

University College, Cork : Registrar, Patrick J. Merriman, Uni- 
versity College, Cork. 

University College, Dublin : Registrar, Professor A. W. Conway, 
86 St. Stephens Green, Dublin. 

University College, Galway: Registrar and Secretary, The Rev. 
J. S. Hynes, Galway. 

WALES 

The University of Wales : Registrar, J. Mortimer Angus, Uni- 
versity Registry, Cathays Park, Cardiff. 

University College of Wales, Aberystwyth : The Registrar. 

University College of North Wales, Bangor : The Registrar. 

University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire : Regis- 
trar, D. A. Brown, Cardiff. 

40 



ADVISORY COUNCIL 



Addams, Jane 

Alderman, President Edwin 
Ames, Dean Herman V. 
Andrews, Fanny Fern 
Biggs, Dr. Herman 
Blakeslee, Professor G. H. 
Brookings, Robert S. 
Bruere, Henry 
Bull, Dr. Carroll G. 
Burton, President M. L. 
Byrne, James 

Coolidge, Professor Archibald 
Cravath, Paul D. 
Cunliffe, Professor J. W. 
Davis, Katherine B. 
Downer, Professor Charles A. 
Ely, Professor Richard T. 
Filene, A. Lincoln 
Finley, Dr. John H. 
Fosdick, Dr. Harry E. 
Gilbert, Cass 
Gildersleeve, Dean V. C. 
Goodnow, President F. J. 
Hadley, President A. T. 
Hale, Dr. George E. 
Harrington, Governor E. C. 
Hazen, Professor Charles D. 
Hibben, President J. G. 
Howe, Professor Henry M. 
Hughes, Hon. Charles E. 
Jenks, Professor Jeremiah 
Judson. President H. P. 
Keppel, Frederick P. 
Keyser, Professor C. J. 
Lovett, President Edgar 
Lowell, President A. L. 
MacCracken, President H. M. 
WooUey, 



Mali, Pierre 

Main, President J. H. T. 
Mannes, David 
Marling, Alfred E. 
Meiklejohn, President A. 
Milliken, Professor R. A. 
Moore, Professor E. H. 
Morgan, William Fellowes 
Neilson, President W. A. 
Noyes, Professor Arthur A. 
Payne, President Bruce R. 
Pendleton, President Ellen T. 
Pupin, Professor Michael I. 
Putnam, Herbert 
Richardson, Dr. E. C. 
Robinson, Dr. Edward 
Sachs, Professor Julius 
Salmon, Dr. Thomas W. 
Schwedtman, Ferdinand C. 
Severance, Mrs. C. A. 
Shanklin, President W. A. 
Shorey, Professor Paul 
Shotwell, Professor J. T. 
Showerman, Professor Grant 
Stimson, Henry L. 
Stokes, Dr. Anson Phelps 
Storey, Professor Thomas A. 
Suzzallo, President Henry 
Thomas, President M. Carey 
Todd, Professor Henry A. 
Townsend, Hon. John G. 
Vincent, Dr. George E. 
Wald, Lillian D. 
White, Professor Henry C. 
Wilkins, Professor Ernest 
Wilson, Professor George G. 
Woodbridge, Dean F. J. E. 
President Mary E. 



American University Union in Europe 



INSTITUTIONAL TRUSTEES 
Mr. Howard Fletcher, University of California. 
President Judson, University of Chicago. 
Professor Cunliffe, Columbia University. 
President Schurman, Cornell University. 
President Lowell, Harvard University. 
Acting-President Kinley, University of Illinois. 
President Hutchins, University of Michigan. 
Chancellor Brown, New York University. 
Dean Emeritus Holgate, Northwestern University. 
Mr. Samuel Houston, University of Pennsylvania. 
President Hibben, Princeton University. 
Secretary Stokes, Yale University. 

ASSOCIATION TRUSTEES 
From Association of American Colleges : 
President Shanklin, Weslcyan. 
President Main, Grinnell. 
Secretary Robert Kelly. 

From American Association of University Professors : 
Professor H. W. Tyler, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 
Professor A. O. Lovejoy, Johns Hopkins. 
Professor Edward Capps, Princeton. 

ELECTIVE TRUSTEES 
Mr. William R. Castle, Jr. 
President Frank J. Goodnow. 
Professor George Nettleton. 
Mr. Henry B. Thompson. 

EX-OFFICIO TRUSTEES 
Dr. Capen, Director, American Council on Education. 
Dr. Duggan, Director, Institute of International Education. 

Chairman: President H. B. Hutchins, University of Michigan. 
Vice-Chairman: President J. G. Schurman, Cornell University. 
Secretary: Professor John W. Cunliffe, Columbia University. 
Treasurer : Mr. Henry B. Thompson, 320 Broadway, New York Gty. 
British Division : 50 Russell Square, London. 
Continental Division: 1 Rue de Fleurus, Paris. 






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